Thus, this paper should be of assistance to researchers planning to apply DEA in a hospital setting by providing information on a) what has been published between 20, b) possible pitfalls when setting up a DEA analysis, and c) possible ways to apply the DEA analysis in practice. A further contribution of this paper is its function as a roadmap to important methodological literature and publications, which provide crucial information on the setup of DEA studies. We analyze the chosen inputs and outputs as well as all relevant downstream techniques. Furthermore, we analyze the methodological settings of the studies and describe the applied models. researching the impact of policy making, such as reforms of health systems, on hospital efficiency. analyzing the effects of managerial specification, such as ownership, on hospital efficiency, and (4) "Surveys on the effects of reforms", i.e. applying new DEAy approaches on hospital data, (3) "Specific management question", i.e. performing a DEA on hospital data, (2) "Developments or applications of new methodologies", i.e.
The four clusters are (1) "Pure DEA efficiency analysis", i.e. These research goals can be grouped into four distinct clusters according to our proposed framework.
Apart from providing descriptive statistics of the papers, we are the first to examine the research purposes of the publications. This paper reviews 262 papers of DEA applications in healthcare with special focus on hospitals and therefore closes a gap of over ten years that were not covered by existing review articles. The healthcare sector in general and hospitals in particular represent a main application area for Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).
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